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EPA also recommends that people think about fixing their homes for radon levels between 2 pCi/L and 4 pCi/L. Surgeon General and EPA recommend fixing homes with radon levels at or above 4 pCi/L. The average outdoor level is about 0.4 pCi/L.
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In the United States, the average indoor radon level is about 1.3 pCi/L. Radon is measured in picocuries per liter of air (pCi/L), a measurement of radioactivity. They are usually cost effective and can greatly reduce or even eliminate the contamination and the associated health risks. Radon mitigation methods include sealing concrete slab floors, basement foundations, water drainage systems, or by increasing ventilation. The half life for radon is 3.8 days, indicating that once the source is removed, the hazard will be greatly reduced within a few weeks. Building materials can be a rare source of radon, but little testing is carried out for stone, rock or tile products brought into building sites radon accumulation is greatest for well insulated homes. Radon may also be introduced into a building through drinking water particularly from bathroom showers. Radon gas enters buildings as a soil gas and is a heavy gas and thus will tend to accumulate at the lowest level. There are relatively simple test kits for do-it-yourself radon gas testing, but if a home is for sale the testing must be done by a licensed person in some U.S. Radon is probably the most pervasive serious hazard for indoor air in the United States and Europe, and is probably responsible for tens of thousands of deaths from lung cancer each year. Radon is an invisible, radioactive atomic gas that results from the radioactive decay of radium, which may be found in rock formations beneath buildings or in certain building materials themselves. A report assisted by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance can support in the systematic investigation of individual health problems arising at indoor workplaces, and in the identification of practical solutions. Factors such as the workplace design, lighting, noise, thermal environment, ionising radiation and psychological and mental aspects have as well to be allowed for. These afflictions often cannot be attributed to a single cause, and require a comprehensive analysis besides the testing of the air quality. Nevertheless, employees may feature symptoms belonging to the sick building syndrome such as burning of the eyes, scratchy throat, blocked nose, and headaches. At such workplaces, no tasks involving hazardous substances are performed, and they do not include high-noise areas. Indoor workplaces are found in many working environments such as offices, sales areas, hospitals, libraries, schools and preschool childcare facilities. This results in high concentrations of particulate matter and was responsible for roughly 1.5 million to 2 million deaths in 2000. A major source of indoor air pollution is the burning of coal, and biomass including wood, charcoal, dung, or crop residue for heating and cooking. Indoor air pollution is a major health hazard in developing countries. IAQ is part of indoor environmental quality (IEQ), which includes IAQ as well as other physical and psychological aspects of life indoors (e.g., lighting, visual quality, acoustics, and thermal comfort). Residential units can further improve indoor air quality by routine cleaning of carpets and area rugs.ĭetermination of IAQ involves the collection of air samples, monitoring human exposure to pollutants, collection of samples on building surfaces, and computer modelling of air flow inside buildings. Source control, filtration, and the use of ventilation to dilute contaminants are the primary methods for improving indoor air quality in most buildings. IAQ can be affected by gases (including carbon monoxide, radon, volatile organic compounds), particulates, microbial contaminants ( mold, bacteria), or any mass or energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions. Poor indoor air quality has been linked to sick building syndrome, reduced productivity, and impaired learning in schools.
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IAQ is known to affect the health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants. Indoor air quality ( IAQ) is the air quality within and around buildings and structures.